occupational disease prevention and control constitutes a critical component of enterprise safety production management. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the relevant legal and regulatory frameworks, including the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China and its supporting regulations, and offers practical guidance for enterprises to establish and improve their occupational health protection systems. The study examines key measures such as hazard identification and risk assessment in the workplace, engineering controls for eliminating or reducing occupational hazards at the source, the provision and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the implementation of health surveillance programs for exposed workers. Through case analysis of successful enterprises, the article demonstrates that an effective occupational disease prevention system requires a combination of administrative controls, engineering interventions, and health education. The findings suggest that enterprises should establish a dynamic mechanism for continuous improvement of occupational health management, integrate occupational disease prevention into their overall safety management framework, and ensure compliance with national standards for workplace hazard monitoring and worker health examination. The article concludes that systematic and standardized occupational disease prevention practices not only protect workers' health rights but also contribute to sustainable enterprise development by reducing occupational disease incidence and associated economic losses.