occupational disease prevention remains a critical public health priority, and recent advances in both research and applied practice have substantially reshaped the landscape of occupational health protection. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on industry-specific preventive strategies, highlighting the scientific rationale and practical implementation of targeted interventions across high-risk sectors.

   In the manufacturing and construction industries, where exposure to respirable crystalline silica, asbestos, and welding fumes is prevalent, the emphasis has shifted from reactive health surveillance toward proactive exposure control. Engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation, wet suppression techniques, and enclosed automated processes have demonstrated measurable reductions in airborne particulate concentrations. Complementing these measures, the deployment of real-time personal aerosol monitors enables continuous exposure assessment, allowing for dynamic adjustment of control measures and early identification of engineering control failures. Research indicates that when hierarchical controls—eliminating or substituting hazardous materials, followed by engineering and administrative measures, and finally personal protective equipment—are systematically applied, the incidence of pneumoconiosis and occupational asthma can be significantly attenuated.

   In the chemical and petrochemical sectors, the focus has expanded to include not only acute toxicity and carcinogenicity but also the long-term health effects of chronic low-dose exposure to complex mixtures. Advances in biomonitoring, including the use of urinary metabolites and DNA adducts as biomarkers of internal dose and early biological effect, have enhanced the capacity for early detection of subclinical toxicity. The integration of these biomarkers into routine occupational health surveillance programs facilitates risk stratification and targeted intervention. Furthermore, the application of computational toxicology and quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling has accelerated the hazard identification process for emerging chemicals, enabling precautionary risk management before widespread occupational exposure occurs.

   In the healthcare sector, occupational hazards encompass biological agents, antineoplastic drugs, ionizing radiation, and ergonomic stressors. Recent research has underscored the importance of closed-system drug transfer devices in reducing surface contamination with cytotoxic agents, alongside the implementation of comprehensive sharps injury prevention programs incorporating safety-engineered devices and post-exposure prophylaxis protocols. For musculoskeletal disorders, which represent a substantial burden among nursing personnel, participatory ergonomics programs that engage frontline workers in hazard identification and solution design have shown superior effectiveness compared with top-down interventions.

   Across all sectors, the application of the hierarchy of controls framework, coupled with emerging technologies such as wearable sensors, artificial intelligence-assisted exposure modeling, and digital health platforms for worker training and symptom reporting, represents a promising direction for enhancing the precision and reach of occupational disease prevention. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies evaluating the effectiveness of combined interventions, the development of occupational exposure limits that account for mixed exposures and susceptible subpopulations, and the integration of occupational health into primary care and public health surveillance systems to ensure equitable protection across diverse worker populations.